The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad Free Essays

In the tale of Homer’s Iliad, the jobs of ladies are obviously drawn. The capacity, from mortal to godlike is to impact male characters. The principle female jobs likewise have the elements of mother, little girl, spouses, goddesses, and prizes. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now All through this idyllic describe of war, recounting fights on the field, and in paradise, of all the shifting jobs of the female characters, every one can be pared down to influencer of a male, regardless of whether god, or mortal. One of the fundamental figures of the Iliad is Helen of Troy. Her capacity is that of a prize. She is to be won, taken, and the gathering that has her is the person who wins. There are different occasions in which females are utilized for the sole motivation behind prizes, to be haggled or battled for. Towards the start of the Iliad, King Agamemnon is vexed to the point that he needs to give Chryseis back to her dad, Chryses, so as to make Apollo quit assaulting his nation, that he takes Achillies’ â€Å"prize†, Briseis. Later on in the story, when attempting to make this up to Achillies to attempt to get him to spare Agamemnon and the remainder of the Danaans ships, the job of the lady is again to be utilized as a prize. Lord Agamemnon states’ â€Å"I have three daughters†¦ let him take his preferred one, uninhibitedly and without blessings of wooing,† (Book 9). Indeed, even girls are utilized as haggling devices, or prizes by their own dads. Little girls have various jobs in the story, in the event that the little girl is mortal, or interminable. The girls that are mortal have next to no to say about who they will wed, or what will befall them if their city gets â€Å"sacked† and they are to be separated among the warriors as plunder. The girls of the immortals, be that as it may, have a considerably more working job, as they are influencer to men and god the same. Minerva, specifically, has a method of getting what she needs from her dad Jove. She impacts his choices, so she can get her own specific manner. Minerva likewise does as she’s advised to, and sends powerful messages down to the men in fight all the more then once, being the acceptable girl that she is. Minerva is only one of the goddesses recorded in the Iliad, and the elements of the goddesses differ, despite the fact that, the jobs are altogether powerful to a male character here and there. A portion of the jobs of the goddesses are to be an errand person, similar to Minerva. Jove’s spouse, Juno, works similarly as a human wife however, when the circumstance comes to Juno attempting to contend a point with her significant other, he winds up laying down the law, and advising her to go plunk down and hush up. This is when they’re conversation whether the city of Ilius will lose in fight. Indeed, even as the goddess with the most control over different goddesses, she despite everything plunks down and does what she has been told. In the wake of discovering that Juno and Minerva were on their way practical to get into the fight, Jove offers the comment, â€Å"I am less amazed and furious with Juno, for whatever I state she generally negates me,† (Book 8) Though, Homer calls attention to that since Juno has done what Jove advised to do, doesn't imply that she is glad about plunking down and hushing up about not needing the city decimated. Juno’s character additionally serves in the job of the mother. In this job, she stays extremely defensive over the men that she thinks about, and impacts them not to battle against one another. This job is appeared from the earliest starting point of the work when she sends Minerva sensible to prevent Achillies and Agamemnon from battling and executing one another, â€Å"because she thinks about them two so,† (Book 1). Godlike moms are defensive of their human children, however there is a case of a human mother not being so defensive. During the fight, Hector races to discover his significant other, who is looking down at the fight from the highest point of a divider, with her nursemaid conveying the child. She begs him not to return to the battle, expressing that on the off chance that he passes on, she would have nothing left to live for. Book 8) This would peruse that she would execute herself, in view of his passing, and subsequently would not be there to bring up her own kid. Another female job in this epic is of sister. Juno isn't just Jove’s spouse, yet additionally his sister. The way that they are connected is raised a couple of times in the story, when she is called Daughter of Saturn, and Jove being the Son of Saturn. Juno additionally assumes the job of the cheat, as she gets Venus to support her, and Sleep to support her with the goal that she can get Jove to nod off. This is itemized about the center of Book 14. Juno gets Jove to need to engage in sexual relations with her, and afterward he nods off while holding her. Juno utilizes her excellence and impact to get Jove to rest. Another careful job is played by Althea, Meleager’s mother, as the story recounts her, â€Å"grieving for the passing of her sibling, supplicated the gods,† (Book 9). Of all the compelling jobs that ladies play in the Iliad, the most persuasive would be that of dispatcher. Iris is delineated in the job of detachment when she is sent somewhere near Jove to convey the message to Minerva and Juno that he prohibits them to participate in the fight. Another major compelling ambassador is Minerva herself. She is sent down increasingly then once to convey messages from Jove, and others immortals from paradise. All through the story, the elements of the female jobs are differed, and are contemporary to their time, during which a man adored a female goddess, just to take a little youngster from a distant land so as to have more riches. The vast majority of all, every job can be believed to show that females’ impact over society at the hour of Homer was extraordinary in certain regards, yet even goddesses were compliant to the compelling male Jove. The job of the females concerning war was to impact the officers, and to be acceptable spouses, dealing with the kids. What's more, on the off chance that the city wherein the female lived gets â€Å"sacked†, it at that point turns into the females job to carefully be property. Despite the fact that the male character that took her might have affections for her, she is still, best case scenario, plunder. Girls played persuasive guidelines, particularly the little girls of Jove, in the case of attempting to get their direction, or making Jove frantic or cheerful, the job of his little girls was to impact him, and to have him choose what might happen to the extraordinary fight. The most effective method to refer to The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad, Papers

Pleasure of Reading free essay sample

Perusing a book is maybe the best wellspring of joy to a refined individual. Perusing expands his viewpoint, drives away his limited partialities and helps up his brain with truth and information. Books are our closest companions. They never trick or desert us in our hour of need like such a large number of our human companions, and the points of interest once got from the perusing of books stay with us for the duration of our lives. It is an incredible delight for us to guess the books of the ace thoughts of the past that have lit up the ages with the quality and magnificence of their vision. As we read their books, we appear to see them show up before us. We appear to chat with them and they additionally appear to educate us thanks to their books. Perusing the incredible verse of the past we appear to be diverted to a realm of delight and distraction, a realm where there is no consideration, no concern, no uneasiness. We will compose a custom paper test on Delight of Reading or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page We come to be familiar with the driving forces of the world like Valmiki, Kalidas, Tagore, Shakespeare, Milton and Shelley, Shaw, Yeats and Owen and numerous others thanks to their scholarly creations and feel propelled by their magnificence, beauty and optimism. Perusing books is additionally one method of relaxing. An individual susceptible to the perusing of books can never discover time hanging intensely on him. At the point when you have time and no work to do take a book from the rack and time will pass agreeably. Perusing additionally assuages us of our psychological torment. At the point when one is hit down with distress he may, with a book in his grasp, overlook all his difficulty in the solace of his room or under the shade of a tree. Perusing not just gives us delight, it likewise enhances our brain. Through books we can harvest the bit of leeway from the experience of honorable personalities. Through it we come to have a quicker knowledge into life and its issues, and an enduring enthusiasm for our neighbors and environmental factors. Life doesn't have a dull and tedious viewpoint any more yet in each page we run over new ponders and secrets sitting tight for us. We have, in any case, to be cautious in our determination of books to peruse. In the realm of today, we find endless scholars composing enormous quantities of booksâ€good, terrible and in-various. Before the creation of the print machine it was hard for a man to get hold of the original copy of a decent book however now because of the extraordinary number of books accessible for perusing it has gotten hard for us to pick what books to peruse and what to dismiss. The choice of appropriate books has now gotten a matter of incredible enthusiasm, just as need to the peruser. Fortunately we are called up to choose our perusing just when we have completed our instructive vocation. During the years spent in the school and school, the understudy gets next to no time for particular perusing as he needs to focus his consideration towards the course books endorsed in the schools and universities. Genuine instruction possibly starts when our instructive profession closes. A youthful alumni over the span of his discussion with his old teacher, gladly commented, I have quite recently completed my training.

The Big Day is Here! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Big Day is Here! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Big Day is Here! Yes, today is a big day, both for UGA and admissions. Fall classes begin today, and the campus is full of life (and full of students!). It is exciting to see all of the new and returning students on campus, and life is now back to normal. On the admissions side of things, the 2010 freshman application is now available! As I have said in the past, it is not important to be the first one to apply. UGA Admissions is not like Disney World; being first in line does not mean anything, and there is no FastPass option. But I know that everyone is happy to have the application up, both on our side and yours. The Foundation Fellowship/Bernard Ramsey Honors Scholarship application is also be available as of today. Good luck, and let us know if you have any questions!

The No 1 Ladies Detective Agency Analysis - 1169 Words

A gender role is a set of societal norms dictating the behaviors that are considered acceptable, or appropriate for the correct sex. Alexander McCall Smith incorporated gender roles into one of his many well known novels. This novel, the first of the series, is titled The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency and centers its plots and conflict around the basis and foundation of gender roles, and gender expectations. Throughout the novel, the main character, Precious Ramotswe and her assistant Grace Makutsi, work at Ramotswe’s detective agency located in the town of Gaborone. Ramotswe uses her detective skills throughout the novel to solve cases such as missing husbands, undercover con men and even a wayward daughter. Throughout the novel she†¦show more content†¦Ramotswe stated in the novel that, â€Å"...being old-fashioned people, who believed that a woman who was left by her husband would almost always have deserved her fate.† (Smith, 31-32) Being as though t he statement said that this was the thought of â€Å"old fashioned people† , degrading women was very common and not new. The statement clearly states that the woman was the problem and that she deserved her fate no matter if the male was the problem in the situation. The degrading of women caused many problems with the woman’s inner feelings. Women would be in relationships, and be abused, physically and verbally, and even raped and would still be seen as the problem which 99 percent of the time damaged them emotionally. With them being damaged emotionally and not having any support behind them, this causes trust issues with most of the women, and it follows them for most of their life. Smith portrayed this concept in his novel with his heroine of the book, Ramotswe. Ramotswe was raped, and physically abused by her former husband. This affected Ramotswe’s approach and look on men as we seen through the novel. These feelings were spilled out onto one of her case s in the novel when a woman’s husband had went missing. Ramotswe automatically assumed that the husband had left the woman and moved on with someone else, when in reality, her husband had actually been killed. This, was everyday life in Botswana. Aside from the things women went throughShow MoreRelatedLucille Johnson Murder Case Study1470 Words   |  6 PagesFriction Ridge Analysis/CJC-245-EK1 November 8, 2017 Surry Community College Instructor: Denise Sizemore The case that I will be discussing is the cold murder case of Lucille Johnson from Salt Lake City, Utah. Unfortunately, at the time of the murder the investigators didn’t take certain evidence serious in the case. The investigators thought that it was just evidence that had no meaning. None the less, it ended up convicting the murderer, John Sansing. On February 1, 1991, LucilleRead MorePolice Ride Along3444 Words   |  14 PagesPolice Analysis Paper Intro to Police Work, Professor Phifer Thursday 8-12pm Ivana Simmons March 3, 2010 Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me especially for this course. Student Signature __________________________ Read More Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay3254 Words   |  14 PagesConstructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo The amount of critical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical reading. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the past with a reading that offers not only a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most exciting ideas when contextualizedRead MoreWilliam Bratton and the Nypd12122 Words   |  49 Pages but there was little attempt to focus patrols on problem areas. He was not allowed to make low-level drug arrests; instead, he had to let the drug trade take place and report the information to detectives at headquarters. His performance was judged by the number of arrests and the response time to 9-1-1 calls, not the crime rate. As Kelling and Bratton put it in a co-authored article, the business of the NYPD had become staying out of trouble: â€Å"†¦it wa s the worst of all possible scenarios: too muchRead MoreCase Study4069 Words   |  17 Pagesthat provide useful solutions to ongoing needs. STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Based strictly on the information in the case, how many possibilities do you see to segment the telecommunications market? 2. As a customer service representative at the telephone company, how would you address each of the problems and complaints reported? 3. Do you see any marketing opportunities for Bell Canada in any of these complaints? ANALYSIS 1. Based strictly on the information in the case, how many possibilitiesRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 Pagesand law enforcement activities ever since its invention in 1955 (Jones 1991:75-76; McDonald 1988a:294-302). 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The annual Tuskegee Negro ConferencesRead MoreHealth Safety Issues in Garments Industry of Bangladesh11720 Words   |  47 Pagescollection Because of lack of time the full report is prepared based on secondary data. Secondary data are collected from the following resources. †¢ Newspapers-Internet Edition †¢ Electronic Journals †¢ Text Books Definitions Burnout 1. A failure in a device attributable to burning, excessive heat, or friction. 2. Aerospace. a) The termination of rocket or jet-engine operation because of fuel exhaustion or shutoff. b) The point at which this termination occurs. 3. PhysicalRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 PagesShen Sheng Hao Koo â€Å"We have complied with university honor code in completion of this assignment and I attest that this work is ours and ours alone.† Professor Suzanne Weiss Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Management 4. Situation Analysis 5. Ethics and Responsibility 6. Human Resource 7. Globalization 8. Operation and Production 9. Finance and Financial Management 10. Hypothetical Request for Venture Capitalist 11. ConclusionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesReasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or

For The Last Couple Of Decades, The Evolution Of Cell Phones

For the last couple of decades, the evolution of cell phones has happened fast, and it has happened right before our eyes. The memories about having a house phone with a cord on a table or attached to the wall are still on my mind. Nowadays, however, a person needs only one device to do different things at the same time, when in the past one needed three different devices to be able to do their things, and it was time-consuming. Not everybody has adapted to the new era of cell phones. There are still people who think cell phones are more damaging than beneficial, but the truth is, it can be both. When one looks at the bigger picture, there are more positive aspects than negative ones and, in my belief, the most important one is the†¦show more content†¦One memory that stays on my mind is when my mother started working for Avis, a rental car company; the first thing the company gave her was a cell phone --not a laptop or a printed manual-- a cell phone. This cell phone is the pathway for my mother to connect with all the other operators in other Avis’ offices around the country and to recieve calls from customers if they need assistance because of a â€Å"sinister† (name the company gave to car accidents and other issues). Another benefit mobile phones have brought is the evolution of education: no more expending loads of time in the library. Students have access to all the information in the world only a touch away. Even if one does not own a computer, it is mostly certain that they own a mobile device. Even if one is having trouble with an assignment, they are a call away from a solution: they can call a classmate and, possibly, a teacher. If one did their assignment in the book instead of on a sheet of paper, no problem; take a picture with the cell phone and email it to the professor. These are little perks that come with mobile devices. Nowadays the so called â€Å"cell phone culture† has made a mobile device indispensable in the daily life, one could say that is part of their anatomy. The accessibility, portability and freedom movement of movement cell phones possess, have empowered this device to take over society (Goggin). However, not everybody thinks the sameShow MoreRelatedCommunication has Evolved Through Time Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagescommunicate with sound (languages). The creation of what is known as language has given humans a much easier way to communicate with one another. Through time humans have evolved to a much greater unthought-of expectations. Technology is one of the evolutions that have brought a positive impact on the human race and their languages. 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Consumer behavior involves study of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It blends the elements from psychology, sociology, socio- psychology, anthropology and economics.Read MoreBulls, Bears and Golden Calves: A Thorough Overview With a Christian Perspective of Economic and Ethical Analysis 2287 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals have diverse reactions to the number of hours worked depending on their needs, lifestyle, expectations, and experiences. Individuals have different tolerances for demands and stress. While many, including professionals and dual-earner couples, are working harder than ever, some lower wage workers cannot find enough work to meet their needs† (Scanlon, 2010). The main problem with overemployment is that today’s workers want to have more flexibility and options to work remotely but they

Role of Stakeholder Free Essays

Role of Stakeholder Jane C. Doe MGT/420 December 10, 2012 George Wells Role of Stakeholder The role of stakeholder in implementing a quality management process is one that has many facets. When an organization decides to embark upon a quality management process there are many people, internally and externally, dependent upon or affected in some way by the final product, output or process (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Stakeholder or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to decide who the stakeholders will be in the process, management of the stakeholder process is essential. First, it is important to identify all those required to ensure the success of creating an efficient process; those involved are either inside or outside of the organization (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Second, an analysis to ascertain what the stakeholder’s needs, boundaries, expectations, locus of control within the process, and mutual relationships will be is necessary to make sure everyone involved understands his or her role (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). A third and also important step is the process of engaging all stakeholders early on in the project. Stakeholders must have the ability to engage with the leaders of the quality management process to familiarize everyone with each other and understand each person’s role within the process. When working conceptually with quality management, the three spheres of quality known as quality management, quality control, and quality assurance each have their own role but also overlap (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007). In each of the spheres mentioned herein, stakeholders play various roles. In order for an organization to achieve, maintain, and improve the quality of its offerings, companies use quality control and quality assurance processes and procedures (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Organizations will define their internal quality standards, procedures, and processes as well as develop stakeholders who will be required to adhere to those standards when dealing with quality control. Stakeholders will monitor process apability and stability, measure process performance, develop and maintain control charts and more (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). In terms of quality assurance, stakeholders are required to put forth a continuous effort to improve the quality practices within the organization. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tutorialspoint†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Continuous improvements are expected in quality functions in the company. For this, there is a dedicated quality assurance team commissioned†Ã‚  (Quality Control Quality Assurance). The stakeholders of a quality assurance team are dedicated to and responsible for defining a process for achieving and improving quality; they are responsible for process improvement (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). â€Å"The management processes that overarch and tie together the control and assurance activities make up quality management† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). According to Foster  (2007),  the mixed view of quality management up holds the notion that quality is the responsibility of all management, not just quality managers (Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). So in the case of implementing a quality management process, managers, supervisors, and employees are all stakeholder of varying degrees in implementing quality management activities such as planning, creating the quality culture, providing leadership and support, providing training and employee recognition, and facilitating organizational communication (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007). Two companies that utilized world-class quality control plans are General Electric (GE) and Federal Express (FedEx). To keep GE ahead, managers have devised an array of corporate strategies. They put exceptionally heavy reliance on the quality control program that far outstrips run-of-the-mill efforts†Ã‚  (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). FedEx utilizes the value-added perspective on quality (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality, 2007). â€Å"To reach its aggressive quality goals, the company has set up one cross- functional team for each service component of the SQI† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). The SQI is a 12-component index that FedEx uses that comprehensively describes how its performance is viewed by its customers. Each item in the service quality indicator is weighted to reflect how pointedly it affects overall customer service (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). References Foster, S. T. (2007). Managing quality. Integrating the supply chain (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx#gloss01_357. TutorialsPoint. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. tutorialspoint. com/management_concepts/stakeholder_management. htm How to cite Role of Stakeholder, Essay examples

Construction Management and Property for Environmental Analysis

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Management and Property for Environmental Analysis. Answer: Introduction Conducting an environmental analysis is important as it provides information on the environmental regulations upheld in a region and the penalties involved. With the growing global warming crisis, nations are participating in reforms to protect the environment and humankinds long-term survival. Sydney is a country with strict regulations on the environment codes. Yushe hotel that seeks to build a branch in Sydney must consider the environmental laws in Sydney least it faces penalties. Carrying out an environmental analysis provides information on the status of the environment in a particular region. Statistics show the levels of air pollution in Sydney are very high. It is advised that people with asthmatic conditions should be aware of the situation (Stuart, 2017). For Yushe hotel, the conditions may affect the number of tourists that seek their services. The problem has extreme levels as it reduces visibility on roads. The primary source of pollution is smoke produced by various plants. Secondly, environmental degradation such as inadequate disposal of waste could amount to penalties. Like many nations, Sydney has a process of waste disposal. Resident and commercial buildings are expected to maintain bins where they place waste products. The waste should also be sorted to simplify the dumping process. The municipal government collects the waste regularly to avoid build-ups and spillages (Canter, 2006). Nevertheless, these environmental maintenance services are offered at a fee. Due to the need to protect the environment, the Environment Protection authority in Sydney has amended the regulations to eliminate statutory caps on the penalties for pollution. The amendment seeks to reduce the licenses held by organizations thus reduce the levels of contamination in the country. As such, offenses such as groundwater pollution crimes are punishable by law and prosecuted. Yushe hotel should understand the waste disposal process to avoid these penalties ("Legislation | NSW EPA", 2014). Due to these regulations on environmental protection, some shadow costs and benefits exist. Yushe hotel has to contribute to the local environment maintenance services. It will do so by paying fees imposed by the municipal government on the same. Additionally, due to the pollution problem in Sydney, it the responsibility of Yushe Hotel to participate in corporate social responsibility and solve the issue (Kirk, 2005). Nonetheless, following these regulations reduces government interventions to regulate the operations of the business. Air pollution in Sydney will require Yushe hotel to some green building designs. When constructing the hotel in Sydney, the building should be fitted with humidifiers, ductwork, and coils to aid in regulating external pollution. It should also avoid using building materials that are damaged by inorganic compounds. Social analysis Yushe hotel branch in Sydney will have diverse effects on the society. The hotel will provide employment opportunities for people in the community. The increase in employment will impact on the living standards of people in the area. It will provide a stable source of income for those employed by the company allowing them to support their dependents. Secondly, since the Yushe hotel must participate in social responsibility, the hotel is expected to solve community problems. Sydney has high levels of pollution which affect the health condition of its people. As an ethical action, Yushe hotel should contribute to solving the issue. It could donate to medical facilities that help in the treatment of respiratory diseases that arise from air contamination (Lee, Park, 2009). It should also be responsible for the emissions of smoke from its activities. The emissions should be reduced to minimize atmospheric pollution. Thirdly, Yushe hotel has its origins in Beijing. It has different business practices and culture as those in Sydney. The culture of Yushe hotel may be affected by the society habits in Sydney. However, the hotel may also influence the heritage of the local community. Like many participants in the hospitality and tourism industry, Yushe hotel will impact on the behaviors of the people in the community (Goldstein, Cialdini, Griskevicius, 2008). The transfer of culture between international customers and the local folks will occur. The practices transferred have mixed impact. On the one hand, the people of Sydney will enrich their culture by diversifying and learning different practices. However, it would also lead to watering-down of their way of life. Secondly, social evils in the area such as theft and underground trades such as prostitution will increase. Hospitality and tourism facilities tend to have this impact on the local society due to the interaction of people from different walks of life (Goldstein, Cialdini, Griskevicius, 2008). It will adversely impact on the community due to Yushe hotel presence. Social responsibility will contribute to the benefits accrued by Yushe hotel. Social responsibility involves being considerate of the society. By participating in socially responsible behavior, Yushe Hotel has better chances of surviving in the Sydney market. It will gain support from the local community and the government to improve its success in the market. However, it will also involve some shadow costs. Participating in charitable activities and social responsibilities affect the profitability of Yushe hotel. Money spent will be accounted as expenses thus reducing the profits made by the hotel (Lee, Park, 2009). References Canter, L. W. (2006). Environmental impact assessment. Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., Griskevicius, V. (2008). A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. Journal of consumer Research, 35(3), 472-482. Kirk, D. (2005). Environmental management in hotels. International journal of contemporaryhospitality management, 7(6), 3-8. Lee, S., Park, S. Y. (2009). Do socially responsible activities help hotels and casinos achievetheir financial goals?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 105-112. Legislation | NSW EPA. (2014). Epa.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 26 September 2017, fromhttps://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/ Stuart, R. (2017). Sydney's air pollution prompts respiratory warning. ABC News. Retrieved 26September 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-10/sydney-high-air-pollution-prompts-warning-from-nsw-heath/8171618

Brilliant Ideas and Useful Tips for Writing Essays on Cars

Cars have become one of the most significant aspects of the modern life. Somebody is crazy about cars. Somebody knows nothing about cars, but still realizes their significance. Anyway, it is really hard to find a person who does not have a car or, at least, does not dream to have one. So, you are assigned to write an essay about cars. I am sure you have something to say, but probably you do not know how to organize your essay on cars. In this article, you will find several useful hints. Some students may think that essays on cars are not the right place for creativity. Writing about cars should be full of some specific terms and descriptions of various car details. However, it is a mistake. Essays on cars can omit such issues but still remain informative and catchy. You can write a descriptive essay on cars. In such a paper you can describe your first car or the car of your dream. In descriptive essays on cars, you can give any details that you like. Still, you should try to mix them with purely technical characteristics. Essays on cars can take the form of a personal essay. Here you can tell about any experience of yours related to cars. For instance, tell about the first time you have driven a car or the first time you had an accident. In this kind of essays about cars, you have all the chances to show your creativity. Thus, writing essays about cars can also be exciting. If you think for a while, you will definitely find the ways of writing your paper creatively.

Modal Verbs Grammar and Construction for ESL

Modal Verbs Grammar and Construction for ESL Modal verbs help qualify a verb by saying what a person can, may, should, or must do, as well as what might happen. The grammar used with modal verbs can be confusing at times. Generally speaking, modal verbs act like auxiliary verbs in that they are used together with a main verb. She has lived in New York for ten years. - auxiliary verb has  She might live in New York for ten years. - modal verb might Some modal forms such as have to, be able to and need are sometimes used with together with auxiliary verbs: Do you have to work tomorrow?Will you be able to come to the party next week? Others such as can, should, and must are not used with an auxiliary verb: Where should I go?They mustnt waste time.   This page provides an overview of the most common modal verbs including many exceptions to the rule. Can - May Both can and may are used in question form to ask permission. Examples of Asking Permission with May and Can Can I come with you?May I come with you? In the past, may was considered correct and can incorrect when asking for permission. However, in modern English it is common to use both forms and considered correct by all but the strictest of grammarians. Can - To Be Allowed To One of the uses of can is to express permission. In the simplest sense, we use can as a polite form to request something. However, at other times can expresses permission to do something specific. In this case, to be allowed to do something can also be used. To be allowed to is more formal and is commonly used for rules and regulations. Examples of Simple Questions: Can I come with you?Can I make a telephone call? Examples of Asking Permission Can I go to the party? Am I allowed to go to the party?Can he take the course with me? Is he allowed to take the course with me? Can - To Be Able To Can is also used to express ability. Another form that can be used to express ability is to be able to. Usually, either of these two forms can be used. I can play the piano. Im able to play the piano.She can speak Spanish. Shes able to speak Spanish. There is no future or perfect form of can. Use to be able to in both future and perfect tenses. Jacks been able to golf for three years.Ill be able to speak Spanish when I finish the course. Special Case of the Past Positive Form When speaking about a specific (non-general) event in the past only to be able to is used in the positive form. However, both can and to be able to are used in the past negative. I was able to get tickets for the concert. NOT I could get tickets for the concert.I couldnt come last night. OR I wasnt able to come last night. May / Might   May and might are used to express future possibilities. Do not use helping verbs with may or might. He may visit next week.She might fly to Amsterdam.   Must Must is used for strong personal obligation. When something is very important to us at a particular moment we use must. Oh, I really must go.My tooth is killing me. I must see a dentist. Have to Use have to for daily routines and responsibilities. He has to get up early every day.Do they have to travel often? Mustnt vs. Dont Have To Remember that mustnt expresses prohibition. Dont have to expresses something that is not required. However, if the person may choose to do so if he or she pleases. Children mustnt play with medicine.I dont have to go to work on Fridays. Should Should is used to ask for or give advice. Should I see a doctor?He should leave soon if he wants to catch the train. Should, Ought to, Had Better Both ought to and had better express the same idea as should. They can usually be used in place of should. You should see a dentist. Youd better see a dentist.They should join a team. They ought to join a team. NOTE: had better is a more urgent form. Modal Various Verb Forms Modal verbs are generally followed by the base form of the verb. She should come with us to the party.They must finish their homework before dinner.I might play tennis after work. Modal Verbs of Probability Modal verbs grammar can become especially confusing when taking a look at the verbs which follow the modal verb itself. Usually, modal verbs grammar dictates that modal verbs are followed by the base form of the verb to the present or future moment. However, Modal verbs can also be used with other forms of verbs. The most common of these modal verbs grammar forms is the use of the modal plus a perfect form to refer to a past time when using a modal verb of probability. She must have bought that house.Jane could have thought he was late.Tim cant have believed her story. Other forms used include the modal plus the progressive form to refer to what may / should / could be happening at the present moment of time. He may be studying for his math exam.He must be thinking about the future.Tom can be driving that truck, hes sick today.

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book Review - Essay Example Even with the good press associated with the Marshall Plan, revisionists and diplomatic historians from both the United States and the sixteen involved nations from Western Europe—even more than fifty years after its ratification and implementation—still debate on its origins, motives and effects (Agnew and Entrikin 2004, p. 1). For instance, historical revisionists have found that â€Å"the economic impact of the plan has been significantly downgraded as scholars concluded that the crisis of 1947 in Europe was less grave than American policy-makers had thought† (Hitchcock n.d.). With these considerations in mind, two of the most substantial and celebrated books on rethinking and revisiting the Marshall Plan will be reviewed in this paper in order to shed some light on what the real purposes and effects of the Marshall Plan are in relation to the United States’ supposed gigantic role in the economic recovery of Europe. The book by Michael Hogan and two chapters from Agnew and Entrikin’s volume will be compared against each other through their contributions to the rethinking of the Marshall Plan. While the former is very detailed, the message that Hogan wants to state is somewhat lost within the detailing of the various facets of the creation of the Marshall Plan. On the other hand, Agnew and Entrikin’s chapters are composed of separate papers that present an all-encompassing view of the Marshall Plan and its effects. These separate chapters that can stand on their own present a more comprehensive and understandable argument as to the sig nificance of the Marshall Plan in history. It can be said then that quality and readability of a work does not depend on the length and an extreme attention to detail, but on a concise presentation of facts and figures that would make the reader understand and accept the argument presented as true. Although there are a lot of differences between the two books, one of the main causes

International Trade Law and Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Trade Law and Institutions - Essay Example In this paper, the dispute resolution procedures used by two of the most prominent global arbiters, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) will be compared and contrasted in terms of the types of cases that each respective organization would deal with, the methods by which disputes are referred to them, the process/methodology for the dispute resolution and the mechanisms for redress. In addition, reference will be made, where appropriate, to relevant sources of law. In order to accurately evaluate and understand the various aspects of these organizations that will soon be presented, an adequate understanding of the structure of the WTO and the ICC both need to be explained briefly. The WTO has its origins in the words of a man who lived and studied economics centuries before the WTO ever existed. Considered by many to be the father of modern economics, Adam Smith put forth the original theory that the key to true economic progress and prosperity for all nations is international trade. He theorized that by making a wide variety of goods and services available anywhere in the world, not only would the country of origin benefit, but also the receptions of these goods would benefit due to the improvement of their quality of life through the utility of the goods themselves (Miller, 2003). With the idea of free international trade already very popular, the WTO was formed not only in an effort to promote free international trade, but also to attempt to police the international marketplace to prevent violations of trade laws. Like, the WTO, the ICC seeks to serve as an advocate for, and protector of international trade. Possessing a similar mindset to that of the WTO, the ICC also tries to peacefully resolve international trade disputes through an arbitration process, promote free trade in every corner of the globe, and seek ways to improve world commerce, much as one's local chamber of commerce promotes the interests of a given city or town (International Chamber of Commerce, 2006). Having given a brief overview of the origins, goals, and mindsets of these two organizations, it is now possible to properly analyze them as was detailed at the outset of this paper. Types of Cases Speaking in the broadest of terms, both the WTO and the ICC handle cases of a non-criminal nature; both organizations, in the course of evaluating a case, will refer any criminal matters to the appropriate law enforcement agency anywhere in the world. The types of cases that these organizations handle would best be described as non-criminal civil matters in that the cases usually involve some sort of business or trade dispute that centers on financial gain or loss, and the disputes of both organizations can often be resolved by the use of monetary reparations for the injured party or parties. However, there are some fundamental differences in the ways that the WTO and ICC handle their respective responsibilities.In general, the WTO is more of a reactive organization, which is to say that the organization handles the disputes that are referred to them as they are

Enzyme Kinetics Laboratory Report

Enzyme Kinetics Laboratory Report How the changes in substrate concentration (PNPP), changes in temperature, changes in pH and the presence of an inhibitor (phosphate ions) effects the rate of reaction of the reaction between PNPP and water catalysed by the enzyme acid phosphates which produces PNP and phosphate as its products . Using spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of the products formed through hydrolysis of substrate. Abstract: The purpose of this scientific paper was to replicate earlier findings of experiments in enzyme kinetics and to see if enzyme behaviour and activity is influenced by 4 factors- change in substrate concentration, temperature, pH and the presence of a competitive inhibitor. In the first section where the substrate concentration was altered whilst the enzyme concentration was kept constant the relationship was found to be hyperbolic this can be explained using the Michaelis -Menten equation and the Lineweaver burk plot which was also used to obtain Km values of 0.25 and Vmax values of 0.12UNIT. The increase in [S] increased the rate of reaction at first but when [S] too much the initial velocity started to decrease. The increase in temperature led to a general increase in the initial velocity until the temperature reached 347 K where the enzyme denatured. The optimum temperature of the reaction was in the range 310 K- 323.2 where the rate increased at its fastest. The third section was the effect of pH on the enzyme activity. The optimum pH of the reaction was 5.5. This pH gave the highest reading of absorbance which means that the rate of hydrolysis was at its highest. Finally the last section of the experiment was the effect of competitive inhibitor on the rate of reaction. The investigation showed that the inhibitor used (phosphate ions) was a non-competitive inhibitor. The inhibitor did lower the initial velocity of the reaction when it attached to the enzyme at random. Introduction: This laboratory report is on the topic of enzyme kinetics, previous work in this particular field was carried out in the 1700s, when biological catalyst enzymes were discovered and studied. As understanding of enzymes increased scientist carried out basic laboratory experiments such as the conversion of starch to sugar by saliva to increase their understating of enzymes and how they function. However the first actual incident where enzymes were understood in detail was in 1897-by Edward Buchner .Since then on, till this period of time factors which effect the velocity/ rate of reaction and enzymes have been studied widely by many scientists globally. The modern scientists have a deep understanding of enzyme kinetics. The purpose of this laboratory report is to confirm previous findings covered in various sources of scientific literature and journals. Enzymes are often described as organic catalysts which increase the rate of reaction of a bio-chemical reaction ( David L.Nelson etal 2008). Enzymes increase the rate velocity of various reactions that occur in a biological system such as the mammalian digestive system. Enzymes can have functions including transfer, synthesis or breakdown of molecules. It is important to mention that enzymes are proteins which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up themselves i.e. they are reusable. Enzymes have a very specific active site which is complementary to a specific substrate 3 dimensional structure. The specificity is due to the complementary hydrophilic/hydrophobic charge, electrical charge and shape of active site on the enzyme. The binding of an enzyme with an specific substrate produces an enzyme substrate complex (ES).The rate at which the enzyme substrate complex is formed is dramatically increased or decreased in changes in substrate concentration, temperature, pH and presence of an competitive inhibitor the effect of these 4 factors on the enzyme activity is known as enzyme kinetics (Jeremy M. Berg etal 2006).Enzymes work on the concept of transition states. Transition state of enzymes is the phase where the substrate is not a yet a product and not a substrate. Enzymes reduce this phase .The difference between the free energy of the reactants and the free energy of the transition state is the activation energy (Ea).The minimum energy required for a success full reaction to occur. Enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. A typical enzyme substrate reaction can be simplified and be written as: The enzyme studied in this investigation was acid phosphatase. This enzyme can be identified by its Enzyme Commission Number (EC number) which is 3.1.3.2. Now I will briefly discuss the enzyme kinetic properties of acid phosphatase. The enzyme acid phosphatase catalyses the removal of phosphate group from organic molecules. Its primary mechanism of action is to bring a substrate molecule into contact with a molecule of water .This results in catalysis and the removal of phosphate group. Finally an hydroxyl group is attached to the substrate molecule. An example of this is the reaction shown below. This reaction was studied in this laboratory investigation. Acid phosphatase p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP) + water phosphate + p-nitrophenol(PNP) In the reaction above PNPP is the synthetic substrate, which is described as chromogenic.At. At high purity this compound is completely colourless. PNPP is hydrolysed by the enzyme acid phosphatase this produces phosphate and PNP. The product produced is yellow and can be measured using a colorimeter. The first part of the investigation concerns the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of reaction. I predict and expect that at an increase in substrate concentration (PNPP) will lead to an increased rate if reaction/initial rate. The reason for this is that an increase in substrate concentration increases the chances of a successful collision occurring between the enzyme and substrate increasing the likelihood of ES complex and product (PNP) formation results in an overall increase rate of reaction. This will produce a fist order reaction on a graph. However it is important to mention that at high substrate concentration the enzyme will be fully saturated this will reduce the rate of reaction as the there are too many substrate than enzymes. On a graph this would show a plateau. The maximum velocity of the reaction or the Vmax would be expected to be close to this region. Therefore I predict to see a hyperbolic relationship on a graph. Section B of this investigation concerns the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction. I would exepcet to find that an increase in temperature would result in an increase in the rate of reaction. The reason for this phenomenon is that as there is increase in kinetic energy being applied to enzymes and substrates it increases the chances of collision occurring so more product (PNP) is formed per unit time. However I also believe that temperatures above 50 -70 degrees Celsius would denature the enzymes active site and the 3 dimensional structures. At this stage the enzyme will not be complementary in shape to the substrate. This would mean that no reaction can be completed so the rate of reaction will decrease. It is important to state that the enzyme is going to have an optimum temperature at which the ES complexes and products are made at the fastest velocity. The increase in temperature increase the amount of molecules which have higher energy than the Ea barrier this in turn increases the amount of molecules which can react increasing the rate of reaction or initial velocity. I believe the optimum temperature is going to range between 20-40 degrees Celsius. The third part of this lab report is based on the effect of pH on the rate of reaction again I believe that at extremes of pH such as acidity or alkalinity will affect the rate of reaction. This may cause the enzymes structure to denature and will cause a lower rate of reaction and lower rate of product formation because the enzyme will not be complementary to the substrate. I would expect this enzyme to have a low optimum pH of around 5-2 as it is acid. Finally the last section of this investigation concerns the effect of a competitive inhibitor (phosphate ions) on the rate of reaction. Inhibitor in this case the phosphate ions will compete with the actual substrate PNPP for the active site of the enzyme acid phosphatase. These inhibitors can only attach to the active site of the enzyme due to their complementary properties. The concentration of the inhibitors will be kept constant and the concentration of the substrate PNPP will be altered. I believe that as the concentration of PNPP increases the rate of reaction will increase this is because the PNPP can out- compete the competitive inhibitor and reverse the effect of the inhibitor. Materials and Methods: All procedures were carried out as described in the lab schedule. No alterations were made to any of the procedures carried out throughout the experiment. Discussion: The first section of this lab report relates the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. I shall briefly discuss and explain what my data shows and means. Graph 3 which is the graph of Michaelis Menten of collected data. The relationship between the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction and the substrate concentration can be describes as hyperbolic. The graph and tables 2 show that as the concentration of substrate (PNPP) increases from 0.00 Mmols to 0.20 Mmols of substrate the initial velocity or the rate of reaction shows an increase in too. The relationship can be describes as fist order as the [V] rises almost linearly with the increase in [S]. However after the concentration increase from 0.20- to 3.00 Mmols the initial velocity shows a gradual increase and then gradually levels of or slopes here graph shows 0 order relationship. This supports the prediction I made in the introduction. The graphs indicates that as the concentration of substrate increase the rate of reaction increase this is because of the increase chances of a collision between a substrate and an enzyme. This in turn increases the rate at which ES and P are formed. However after the concentration increase after 0.20 3.00 Mmols the rate stars to level off. The reasoning behind is this is that there are too many substrates than compared to enzymes an all enzymes are described to be fully saturated .At this phase the reaction is at its Maximum velocity and cannot increase in rate unless more enzymes are added therefore enzyme concentration is the limiting factor. I can tell that the data I collected from the experiment in the lab is accurate and valid as the graph which compares the theatrical data and the collected data show similarities in the trend line the Vmax the km and as well as the points and there is no anomalous data point on either of the 3 graphs. My findings support the findings of many previous investigations and journals as the graphs show a similar relationship as to the findings to previous work. The implications of this investigation can be used widely to determine the Vmax and KM. These values can be used for medical purposes since the enzyme acid phosphatase is manufactured by the body to remove phosphate groups. The limitation of Michaels Menten plot is that the Km and Vmax cannot be accurately determined. Therefore a Lineweaver burk plot is plotted. The Lineweaver burk plot shows that the KM and Vmax are very similar to the ones from the Michaelis Menten plot. Finally KM is an approximate measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate.A small value of KM indicates a high affinity of the enzyme for the substrate. From my graphs (1 +2) I can tell that the KM was 0.24 and therefore small. This means that the enzyme acid phosphatase has a high affinity for the synaesthetic substrate PNPP. This means that small concentration of substrate PNPP is enough to run the reaction at half of maximum velocity (1/2 Vmax). The next section of the investigation concerns the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction. I predicted an increase in temperature will increase the rate of reaction or the initial velocity of the e reaction until the enzyme denatures and the protein sequence becomes damaged an unravels. The actual reason for why the protein sequences unravel is that the protein has too much kinetic energy and the amino acids vibrate and this causes the non covalent forces to be weakened. There is an increase in the rate of reaction as the temperature increases from 278 -323 K the increase is almost linear. However after the temperature 323 K-to 347 K the enzyme denatures and unravels. This is proved by the last point on the graph which doesnt fit the line of best fit. Overall the graphs and data all prove my predictions correct. There is no other anomalous data present. The third section concerns the effect of pH on the rate of reaction. As we have discovered before the enzyme used was acid phosphatase so the pH at which it works at best the optimum temperature will be in the acidic pH regions. I can confirm from my graph that the optimum pH of the reaction is in the region 5-5.5 which is indeed acidic. pH of 5.5 gives the highest absorption value, this therefore means that the rate of hydrolysis was at its fastest. A possible explanation for the change in the experimental design is that the pH may denature the enzyme if the enzyme was added first the active site and 3 dimensional shape of the enzyme could be altered at extremes of pH such as 2 which is quite acidic. The pH does not affect the substrates 3 dimensional structure in the same ways as the enzymes. Therefore to obtain valid results /data the design for this part of the experiment was slightly altered. pH has a very strong effect on enzyme activity .This is because enzymes work on the basis of mechanisms such as induced fit hypothesis and lock and key . The enzymes have a specific active site due to the complementary 3 dimensional active site with the substrate. According to the induced fit hypothesis the enzyme can undergo some change in the 3- dimensional structure in order to fit the substrate. However a change in pH changes the enzymes active site structure. An increase in H+ ions can change the active site structure due to the fact that h+ ions can interfere with any polar molecules on enzymes protein structure. Amino acids side chains can be protonated and may be damaged due to the extreme pH (concentration of H+ )this may result in the protein sequence to unravel which means that the active site is not complementary to the substrate and the rate of reaction decreases as no or little ES are formed which results in little products formed. The final section concerns the effect of a competitive inhibitor (phosphate ions) on the rate of reaction. From my graph I can tell that the inhibitor present was an non-competitive inhibitor. I can tell this by looking at the Lineweaver Burk plot where the trend lines cross the 1/Vmax intercept at different values but cross the 1/km intercept at the same values. This means that this type of inhibitor does not affect the KM but does lower the Vmax values. Non competitive inhibitor has the same effect as lowering the total volume of enzyme. This type of inhibition is reversible. It binds to a site away from the enzymes active site it denatures the active site so no other substrates can bind to the active site. This in turn lowers the rate of reaction and the rate at which products are formed. However this type of inhibitor also binds to the enzyme substrate complex I can therefore conclude that the non competitive inhibitor does lower the rate at which the products are formed. References: Books: David L. Nelson et al (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry ,W.H Freeman and Company Jeremy M. Berg et al (2006) Biochemistry, W.H Freeman and Company Lab schedule (2009) Enzyme Kinetics MODULE LSC10034 EXPERIMENT 4 Lecture Notes: Lectures notes (2009) Dr John Mills- Module LSC-10034 Proteins and Enzymes lectures 9, 10, 11 (Figures 1-5) Absorbance values- Table 4 and Table 6 Emma Ezekiel Web Pages: EC Number -http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.3.2 Seen :20 November 2009

Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline Essay

                  Affirmative action is a policy that is aimed at providing positive measures to remedy effects of past discrimination against members of certain groups (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.2). One of the areas that suffer underrepresentation of the diverse, underrepresented individuals and minority group in colleges is the laws schools and subsequently in the legal profession. The questioned posed is â€Å"Is affirmative action the best solution to alleviating this crisis or is it the major cause together with other practices that have contributed to these underrepresentation?                     First of all is the admission procedure. Admission selection considers those with a bachelor’s degree for an accredited university or college. Few underrepresented minority students are able to attend college and obtain the relevant qualifications. Moreover, there are disparities in number of applicants and the number who get enrolled. For example in 2000, 74500 individuals submitted their application to ABA- approved school and an estimate of 67% of the total were admitted (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 4). This illustrates a flaw in the acceptance procedure that focus on higher merit in which its well document trend that underrepresented minorities score less on the Law Schools Admission Test (LSAT).                   Secondly the individual state bar exams are a severe impediment. â€Å"While the LSAT remains a reliable predictor of success in law school and the Law School Admission Council (makers of the LSAT), warn against over-reliance on numerical qualifiers alone† (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 5). Raised cut off points detriment the minorities who are disproportionately at the bottom in addition the bars are also misapplied. The percentage of residents in a state should have a proportionate percentage at the law school. The lack of a national bar does also contribute to this issue.                      The above two examples illustrate why affirmative action is needed in leveling admissions. Higher merit and higher cut off points are serving to lock out minority groups from accessing law education. In coming up with a criteria for selection, the selection board should put into consideration performance of minority groups which is at the lower end of the spectrum.                   Terry Eastland suggests that affirmative action promotes discrimination. He argues that there is nothing like positive or negative discrimination. In Higher education for example, when the institution sets a lower grade for color students, the act in itself creates discrimination. These groups of students who will be enrolled under affirmative action are well aware that they are in that position due to their race. It is a negative experience that is not easy to erase. Sometimes attitudes from the majority students will affect the students from the minority. The majority students may not look at the minority as equals.                   Affirmative action leads to stigma. Eastland says that very few people are aware of the abilities and potential of the marginalized groups. In this case they are likely to be less respected and less valued. This can end up psychologically affecting these groups and it can be worsened if they fail to perform. Terry end believes that an environment should an equal working basis. If students have to be enrolled for higher education, it should be based on merit and not race. This will create an equal working environment of mutual relationship.                  Furthermore, Eastland equates ‘Affirmative action’ to ‘lower standards’. The rationale of having a policy that sets asides positions after a normal criterion creates a barrier between quality and less quality. By having this policy, institutions are accepting that results posted from minority groups are of lesser quality and lesser magnitude to that from the majority. Policy makers argue that the minority are affected by certain factors that make them not to equal results of the majority. It then beats logic that it would be easier resolving factors that make minority perform lesser than providing a criterion that guarantee certain results.                  Terry Eastland comments and views in regard to affirmative action tend to disapprove use of affirmative action against underrepresentation based on color. His views do not factor underrepresentation due to gender. However the logic behind his reasons and those of other scholars can equally be equated to affirmative action on gender and sex segregation                  Gender affirmative actions have shown to improve the status of women in the society. In fact advocates for gender affirmative actions have sprung from various women activists and organizations. Women have gained access to representations in legislative organs, various courses in colleges that stereotypically were set for men. However it is urged that continuous paying attention to a group of people will result in then differences becoming more salient than the commonalities among people (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.11). This statement thus emphasizes Terry Eastland’s arguments against affirmative action.                To conclude, the benefits of affirmative action are actually visible. Moving forward however, the fundamental principles of affirmative action seem to have been overtaken with time. Putting into consideration Terry Eastland arguments in regard to affirmative action, the negatives of affirmative action outweigh the positives. Affirmative action has led to lower productivity, increased segregation and stigmatization. The call to end affirmative actions thus is justified. References Clayton, Susan D, and Faye J. Crosby. Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. Ann Arbor, Mich: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1992. Print. Law Schools Admission Council. Pre Conference Report (2005) Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/op/pipelineconf/PipelinePostReport.authcheckdam.pdf Source document

Communication Satellite Corporation Essay

The following judgment on the appropriate economic regulations of the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) has been arrived at after considering the due deliberations presented before the Commissioners by the two parties; namely Comsat and FCC. Central to this judgment is the premise that â€Å"the return to the equity owner should be commensurate with returns on investments in other enterprises having corresponding risks.† Also, the fair rate of return should be actually that required (or expected) by a firm’s investors. The Commissioners are also of the view that the interests of the ratepayers should be safeguarded. The ratepayers should not be penalized for any change in circumstances (e.g. excess liquid cash due to change of technological needs) resulting in inefficiency at Comsat. Such risk should be borne by the Shareholders alone. The judgment covers the fair rate of return awarded to Comsat (commensurate to its risks), the rate base and the price structure to be followed by Comsat. At the onset, we concur with Comsat’s argument that their risk profile cannot be compared to that of AT&T due to the following: 1. Even though AT&T is in the same business of providing communication channels, yet the equipment used is vastly different i.e. satellites versus data cables. 2. AT&T is a well-established utility while Comsat is a new venture. Their risk profiles are not similar. 3. Considering the testimony of Dr. Myers, the beta found for AT&T and Comsat are different thus implying that the investors view the inherent risk of the companies differently. Next, we look into the various risk factors discussed before us in order to reasonably estimate the risk inherent in Comsat. Operating Risks 1. Technological Risk: The trial staff established low technological risk by considering in hindsight the fact that Comsat’s evolution was relatively trouble-free. In our opinion, this is unjustifiable as when the company was started there was no way of knowing this and the technological risks were immense. 2. Business Risk: There was no government guarantee for Comsat. Also, considering the fact that disclosing information in a prospectus in no way changes the risk associated with the business. 3. Demand Risk: The arguments put forward by the trial staff in this case are sound but do not present a case for comparison with AT&T. 4. Competitive Risk: We think that competitive risk is medium, thus deviating from both the trial staff and Comsat’s stand. This is because although high risk was created due to Comsat’s competitors being its customers, it was also mitigated to some extent by FCC’s support. 5. Regulatory Uncertainty: Again this uncertainty of prospective regulation is reduced by expected support from FCC. 6. Political/International Risk: We agree here with the trial staff’s response. The risk faced by Comsat is probably just a little greater than that faced by other international organizations operating in those countries during that time. From the above discussion, we conclude that the company faces more operational risk than that touted by the trial staff albeit it is not as high as Comsat claims. Financial Risk The trial staff wants to impute the implications of a 45% debt structure to calculate the cost of capital. This is incorrect since firstly, there were no assets that could be used as security till 1972 and secondly, this is a hypothetical situation of which there can be many. However, we are of the opinion that the debt should be imputed at a rate of 45% post-1972 as a miscalculation on part of the management should not result in unjustified price structure for the ratepayers. Rate Base The appropriate rate base should now be calculated based on the above decision to impute debt post-1972. Pre-1972, the rate base will be the entire capital of the company. Evaluation of Cost of Capital We disagree with the first two witnesses, namely Dr Brigham and Dr Carleton and their estimation of Comsat’s cost of capital. Dr Brigham’s method takes into account 602 industrial firms and 56 utilities. These two categories of companies are not comparable for the purposes of this analysis. Also, the Andersen study using four utilities and its results is not worth considering since these utilities had a different capital structure and consequently, a completely different risk profile from that of Comsat. Dr Carleton has arrived at a risk premium of 2-4% but has provided no reasonable justification or methodology followed for calculating this. Also, we have no indication whatsoever about the nature of this premium, whether it is the risk premium for Comsat or the utilities sector or the market or the country as a whole. We concur with Dr Myers’ methodology of using the CAPM for calculating the risk premium. This study further simplifies matters as the cost of equity and the cost of capital is the same for this firm pre-1972 and incorporate the cost of debt post-1972. Also that the beta in this case would be calculated on the basis of market data. Assuming the markets to be efficient  implies that the appropriate risks have been implicitly factored into the prices and the beta. Based upon these estimates we will state the cost of capital to be 14%, which is the mid point found for the various risk estimates over time, taking into account a beta range from 1.4 – 1.7 as recommended by Dr. Myers. Pricing Structure The commissioners are of the view that Comsat was injudicious in charging the maximum rates the markets could bear. Instead, Comsat should have charged rate of return that is sufficient for it to maintain: a) to cover cost of capital already committed to the enterprise over and above the operating expenses incurred; and b) to attract additional capital as needed in competitive money markets at reasonable costs. We instruct FCC and Comsat to calculate the appropriate revenues for Comsat in line with the preceding judgment. Comsat should be penalized 50% of the excess revenue, if any, and FCC should use this money to further infrastructure development in Communication systems.

How To Tame A Wild Tongue Summary - 999 Words

A few months ago, in Charlottesville, Virginia, a young women named Heather Heyer, was killed at a protest against a white supremacy rally. She was standing up for others who were different then her. She was making sure her fellow citizens felt welcomed and knew they were loved by others in this country. This happened less than two hours away from Lynchburg, our home. We, as a nation, need to start embracing one another because at the end of the day, we all bleed the same blood. My wish is that one day we can all live together in peace. It starts at home. We have to begin a dialogue with our friends and family about the struggles others go through. Accepting one another is so much deeper than simply saying, â€Å"I support you†, although thats†¦show more content†¦A group of individuals trying to take away someone else’s freedom of expression, trying to make this country divide even more. Gloria talks about these divisions all throughout her story. Certain peo ple groups are taught at a young age, that if someone looks or sounds different then you, they shouldn’t be welcomed in this country. Trying to take away or restricting someone from certain rights because they’re different from you is illegal. This can also go back to Gloria’s quote about attacks on the first Amendment. Everyone that is a citizen has the right to feel safe in this country and has the right to express their beliefs. Accents are one of the many things that make us different. As a free country, we should embrace them not suppress them. Some groups of individuals still, to this day, hate others because of their skin tone or language they speak. I personally think that those people are jealous and wish they could speak that way or share the culture. To me, each and every culture in this world is beautiful. The way they speak, the way they dance, the way they sing, and the way they dress, are all beautiful. For native english speakers we are taught in school that we have the most superior culture in the world, but that is statically wrong. Today, Chinese (more specifically mandarin) is the most common language spoken, according to Babbel.com. Can you imagine what it would feel like for you to goShow MoreRelatedHow to Tame a Wild Tongue1952 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"My Perspective of a Wild Tongue† â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†, by Gloria Anzaldua, is a very expressive story about a Mexican American women’s struggle to preserve her culture. Her main fight revolves around a struggle to keep a form of Spanish, called â€Å"Chicano Spanish†, a live. In the short story she says, for a people who cannot entirely identify with either standard (formal, Castilian) Spanish, or standard English, what recourse is left to them but to create their own language?(pageRead MoreRn Language1591 Words   |  7 Pagesprofession, as well as the importance of maintaining these elite level communication skills. 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